Knowledge Base TTS 
Fluids
2 min
Fluids: Cooling, Brakes and Power Steering
Coolant, brake fluid and power steering fluid - when and why to change.
Coolant (Antifreeze)
When to Replace
| Type | Interval |
|---|---|
| G11 | 2–3 years |
| G12 / G12++ | 5 years |
| G13 | 5 years |
Brake Fluid
Every 2 years regardless of mileage!
Brake fluid is hygroscopic – it absorbs moisture. At 3–4% water content, the boiling point drops to 155°C.
Power Steering Fluid (PSF)
Why It Must Be Replaced
- Oxidizes due to high temperature
- Contaminated by wear particles
- Loses protective properties
Replacement Interval
40–60k km or 3 years
Signs It Needs Replacement
- Darkened fluid
- Noise when turning the steering wheel
- Stiff steering when cold
Why Is It Important?
Coolant (Antifreeze)
| Problem | Technical Consequences |
|---|---|
| Loss of anti-corrosion properties | Corrosion inside radiator and engine block → clogged passages → localized overheating |
| Lower boiling point | Old fluid boils at 105–110°C instead of 125–130°C → vapor locks → cylinder head overheating |
| Water pump cavitation | Worn fluid fails to protect impeller → blade erosion → reduced circulation |
Overheating consequences: warped cylinder head (repair 3000–8000 PLN), blown head gasket (1500–4000 PLN)
Brake Fluid
| Problem | Technical Consequences |
|---|---|
| Moisture accumulation (3–4%) | Boiling point drops from 230°C to 155°C → fluid boils under heavy braking |
| Fluid boiling | Vapor bubbles form → pedal goes soft → LOSS OF BRAKING |
| Caliper piston corrosion | Moisture causes rust → caliper sticking → uneven braking |
Critical: During downhill driving with constant braking, temperatures may exceed 200°C+
Power Steering Fluid
| Problem | Technical Consequences |
|---|---|
| Fluid oxidation | Loss of lubrication → pump wear → seal leaks |
| Contamination | Metal particles circulate → steering rack damage → steering play |
Steering rack repair cost: 1500–4000 PLN
Tips
- Do not mix different types of coolant
- Replace brake fluid every 2 years
- Replace power steering fluid every 40–60k km
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